This dataset provides solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) estimates over the Arctic Ocean at a 0.05-degree resolution for each month from January 2004 through December 2020. Red SIF data from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) (2018 to 2021) were extended over the study period using a random forest machine learning model trained using TROPOMI SIF climatological records. These data are useful for monitoring the physiological responses of phytoplankton to ongoing climate change over this ocean region. The data are provided in cloud optimized GeoTIFF format.